Matt Peters, new data partners, and over 150 search. Note that local SEO involves two parts- the Local Pack/Local Finder (or Map Pack) and Local Organic listings: 1. Premium ($599/month) — 4500 keywords and up to 50 projects. When a user searches for a specific term and finds irrelevant information, that sends a signal back to Google that the intent is likely mismatched. According to the study, the following ranking factors are relevant:. . 0 + 0 – 0. The Ultimate Guide to Local Search Rankings Factors. These are all elements that you have total control over, and have a significant effect both on how Google ranks your site and how your site. STAT SERP tracking and analytics for enterprise SEO experts. Take an exam at the end and receive a certification badge as proof of your proficiency and accomplishment. Reviews. " People are advised to "create. Local Voice Searches. Quantity of third-party traditional reviews 20. If you can provide an easier search solution than Google, that gives the user a reason to search your site instead of going back to Google, which counts as a bounce. The short answer is: Satisfying search intent is a primary goal for Google, which in turn makes it a primary goal for SEOs. STAT SERP tracking and analytics for enterprise SEO experts. The most effective location data management solution: distribution to the directories, sites, and apps that factor in most to local search results. The Professional's Guide to SEO: The changing landscape of search results. 98% 0. List of top 11 SEO (Search Engine Optimization) Ranking Factors for 2023. Your all-in-one suite of SEO essentials. All About App Search: Indexing, Ranking Factors, Universal Links, and More. LocalSEO Guide, together with the University of California, Irvine, and. Tools: Check your PA with Link Explorer. This year’s survey hit us with a big. Then there's a second school of thought, almost equal to the first school of thought, that says Google's. Sneak preview of some key takeaways from the 2017 Local Search Ranking Factors SurveyMoz Pro Your all-in-one suite of SEO essentials. The evaluation can help you find out the strengths and weaknesses of each software, and choose which suits you requirements better. They're usually called something like ranking factors or ranking elements study or the 2017 ranking factors, and a number of companies put them out. Citations are one of the primary Local SEO ranking factors. With over 200 rankings factors (Bing claims over 1,000), no single factor has to be perfect. It provides a thorough explanation of the most important ranking factors listed in that survey. A lot has changed in local search since Moz’s 2014 Local Search Ranking Factors study. 1 On-Page Signals. According to Gabe's data, ranking position played some sort of role in whether you get Featured Snippets. Rank Rank is the position that your website physically falls in on the SERP when a specific search query is entered. Claim your social profiles. Theory #1: Snippets aren't featured based on organic search ranking factors alone. Theory #1: Snippets aren't featured based on organic search ranking factors alone. Track desktop rankings across the top search engines in 200+ countries. This is the most important question you can ask of any keyword: Is it relevant"Motorcycle vest with. In that poll of experts, we saw Google My Business signals being cited as the most influential local ranking component. The highest-rated factors in our survey had average scores of 7-8 with less-important factors generally ranging from 4-6. Moz’s local ranking factors study also found that “Review Signals” played an important. Sarah is CEO of Moz and has been at the company since joining as the eighth employee in 2007. The survey asked respondents to rate many different factors on a scale of 1-10 according to how important they thought they were in Google's ranking algorithm. 4. The results this year come from two sources - the opinions of SEO professionals via survey AND a broad correlation analysis of Google's results. 11. (Or not) Move on to the next project. There are a couple of ways to find this. From a scale of 1 (most important) to 10 (least important): consistency of citations (5. According to a new study, when both brand- and location-specific pages exist, 85% of all consumer engagement takes place on the local pages (e. Moz API. This can lead some to believe that Domain Authority is a ranking factor for search engines like Google. 1. Distance and Proximity. Your All-In-One Suite of SEO Tools. 4 Review Signals. Google’s Keyword Planner, perhaps the best available keyword tool available, is famous for not surfacing most long-tail keywords. Ranking Factors 2023: Systems, Signals, and Page Experience. , review stars for product ratings)Moz Pro Your all-in-one suite of SEO essentials. 00001 0. 12% in 2018, but we feel these data are still valid. " - Darren Shaw. This year's survey allowed for a higher level of response granularity as it allowed contributors to rank all 149 possible factors that could impact search results. Moz Pro Your all-in-one suite of SEO essentials. I’ve been seeing this factor’s increased importance for at least the past year, and clearly others have noticed as well. Every two years, Moz surveys the brightest minds in SEO and search marketing with a comprehensive set of questions meant to gauge the current workings of Google's search algorithm. First we're going to divide the overall relevance (200) of a page (100) to a particular keyword into two subsets: on-page relevance (210), and off-page relevance (220). Shafiqul Islam. 86% of the search engine market ()The #1 result in Google gets approximately 32% of all clicks ()49% of marketers report that organic search has the best ROI of any marketing channel (Search Engine Journal)Organic search results that rank. Moz Local Raise your local SEO visibility with complete local SEO management. According to the MozCast Feature Graph, 6% of Google search results contain In-depth articles. Easy and intuitive user interface makes ramping up painless. Request a demo today. Call (214) 310-1356 to get started. 26 between Domain Authority and rankings using the same statistical methods. 20% of search queries on Google's mobile app and on Android devices are voice searches. Reputation management may be engaged to restore a damaged reputation, or to identify strategies to encourage the. Expected in 2021, this Google-announced algorithm change has a few details you should be aware of. 24. We can use those weights in our vector calculations. Google Business Profile (36%) 1. In fact, local SEO has a set of unique ranking signals,. Moz API Power your SEO with our. Every single snippet was taken from a page that was good enough to rank in the top 10 organic positions. 3. com. The presence or absence of business information is one of the most crucial local SEO ranking factors. Finally, you’ll be set up for success with a local SEO framework that you can apply to future local SEO plans, clients, and locations! Define local SEO, and determine if a business is eligible. ” They discovered that Google My Business ranking rose from 19. Compare SEO Products See which Moz SEO solution best meets your business needs. The essential SEO toolset: keyword research, link building, site audits, page optimization. User Satisfaction ("Last Click"): the holy grail of SEO, and, ultimately, the experience Google strives to deliver in its search results. Taking maximum safety precautions, delivering at the curb or the front door, facilitating online purchasing, and experimenting with new ideas are all must-haves for 2021. According to Gabe's data, ranking position played some sort of role in whether you get Featured Snippets. Not bad!. This year’s survey hit us with a big surprise. It defines the type of content that should be updated frequently. Both are worth detailed examination. The. 328 and 0. There is even an interesting Twitter thread in 2020 from the co-founder of Moz, Rand Fishkin. Domain Age: Many SEOs believe that Google inherently “trusts” older domains. This factor has been climbing from position #8 in 2014, to position #4 in 2015, to claim the #1 spot in 2017. You’ll find that when you write an article it will (hopefully) rank for the keyword you target. 20%! The main difference between voice and keywords searches is that voice searches tend to be longer and use natural language. Backlinks are important for any business’s local SEO strategy. Sarah is CEO of Moz and has been at the company since joining as the eighth employee in 2007. (This is the case with most blogs. More data is certainly needed in order to answer your question in a more specific way. Here are two Local SEO studies that did a great job of identifying the most important factors for search engines. Given their retail footprints and marketing budgets, all of the major carriers have significant room for improvement in their local. 1. Add a map on your website. The author's views are entirely their own (excluding the unlikely event of hypnosis) and may not always reflect the views of Moz. See which Moz SEO solution best meets your business needs. David co-founded GetListed. Next the new Domain Authority incorporates spam detection. Meyers. The raw counts of Google+ shares, Tweets associated with the URL, and Facebook likes and shares were. Moz Local Raise your local SEO visibility with complete local SEO management. 1. Methodology. There's a new ranking factor in town: Core Web Vitals. (note that site have over 200 pages with at least 300 words each in contrast with. 5. I admit that I did not know how the myth of "200 Google Ranking Factors" was created, but a good SEO pal of mine, Giorgio Taverniti, revealed it to me. This includes building backlinks, acquiring citations and social mentions, and fostering partnerships with authoritative websites. I'm going to start with some on-page topics. During the great Core Web Vitals push of 2021, many came to understand that the two elements are closely linked. Moz Study. This includes building backlinks, acquiring citations and social mentions, and fostering partnerships with authoritative websites. 44% of SEO ranking credit. There's a short answer with a big asterisk, and in today's. Rather than dumping 24 maps on the page, here they are in a Slideshare that you can click through: Proximity is the New Top Local Search Ranking Factor from Darren Shaw. 7K READS Moz Local is unveiling an important update to its service in June 2019. Results of the survey are largely. 1) Age of Site (4) Topical Relevance of Inbound Links to Site (3. That means they don’t want you to feel like they led you to a bad business. Domain Registration - DomainTools. Moz Local Raise your local SEO visibility with complete local SEO management. My website Alexa rank got increased at all of sudden. 8. ) Websites that add new pages at a higher rate may earn a higher freshness score than sites that add content less frequently. 14 to -0. You hope to earn organic rankings (not local pack rankings) with these city pages because of their strength, quality, earned links, etc. On-page and link signals – which collectively include keywords in titles, domain authority, inbound anchor text, and linking domain authority – are the most important factors when it comes to ranking in local search, according to new research by Moz. The result was that we have always ranked at position 1 or. For 49%, Facebook is in first place, followed by Yelp (46%), TripAdvisor (28%) and Nextdoor (20%). One important ranking factor for local business listings is proximity. Review monitoring to engage with customers the moment. Site Speed. Guides SEO Keyword Research On-Page SEO Link Building. First, it affects the user experience. Aggregated expert opinions on the importance of factors individually and ranking influencers overall (as with 2009's version) Correlation numbers for the factors (on as close to a 1:1 basis comparing data against the question asked to those surveyed)Absolutely perplexed on the ranking factors for Google Maps (hence also the 3-pack in normal search results). It’s a third-party SEO metric first developed by Moz that represents how likely a domain is to appear in the SERPs over its competitors. Those who say links are on the decline as a ranking factor often point to the efforts by spammers to use illegitimate practices to acquire links and earn rankings that their sites. 2. local search ranking factors. Call (214) 310-1356 to get started. One of these is the Moz local search tool. Launch and market the page. Since 2005, SEOmoz has released a new version of the Search Ranking Factors survey every two years, a piece of content that many in the SEO world have used and referenced. Their answers provide insight into the inner workings of the search marketing both now and in the future. Statisticians typically talk in 95% or 99% confidence ranges (though note that a 95% confidence interval is still wrong one time in 20). com How important are the following ranking factors in generating local- specific search results? Rank from most (10) to least (1) important. The essential SEO toolset: keyword research, link building, site audits, page optimization, rank tracking, reporting, and more. According to Moz, they "attempt to bring clarity to the ever-murkier waters of a Social-Local-Mobile world" in 2013. This suggests that for those results, the keyword use may actually be hurting them. It updates all four of these major data aggregators at the click of a button. Google’s early-days local product was governed by an algorithm that was much more distinct from their organic algorithm than it is today. $ 20 /mo. 3. Then Search Engine Land did a comprehensive breakdown of Moz’s rankings, which has helped us put together our own summary below. The survey known as Local Search Ranking Factors has been an industry favorite since its inception in 2008. 2. The factors attorneys must highly consider to rank at the top of local search results according to a Whitespark survey include: Google Business Profile (32%), on-page optimization practices (19%), getting positive reviews (16%), building local backlinks (11%), user behavior and engagement (8%), and citation building (7%). 14 to -0. The node IDs are also available in Amazon's Browse Tree Guides (Seller Central login required). 5. The methodology is quite different from the Moz Local Ranking Factors survey. 1) The Owner Sets The Review Stage. The author's views are entirely their own (excluding the unlikely event of hypnosis) and may not always reflect the views of Moz. Written by Local SEO. Additional Articles on Local SEO. Beats the expected CTR for a given position by 20 percent, you're likely to appear in position 1. 2 Link Signals. It was once extremely common, for example, for businesses without websites to rank well locally. Here’s a quick step-by-step guide for launching your social media presence: Step 1: Register your business at the social media channels listed above. According to the Moz study referenced earlier, personalization signals make up 9% of SEO ranking factors. If your site loads in 5 seconds it is faster than approximately 25% of the web. Certain keywords only display local results, while others may show national or global businesses. 8 seconds it is faster than approximately 94% of the web. This data was pulled from a reputable local SEO industry study that has been going on since 2008. Moz is about to publish its new Search Engine Ranking Factors, and was kind enough to provide me with access to their raw ranking data. Moz Local Raise your local SEO visibility with complete local SEO management. Though Local SEO ranking factors are in a constant state of flux, there are a few factors that seem to stand out more than others. In a nutshell, Moz Local allows you to upload a spreadsheet of all of your locations, which we then standardize and distribute to all five major U. The many goals of this form of promotion can include improving customer. ; Google’s SEO starter guide, Search Quality Guidelines, and Search Central web. txt file is used to restrict search engine crawlers from accessing sections of your. Our listing management solution enables you to quickly distribute a local business’ data in real time and real fast, to the top directories, data aggregators and mapping apps. 13. Website update frequency as ranking factor Website update frequency as ranking factor Content Development. Include testimonials on your website. This is a surprising departure. With over 200 rankings factors (Bing claims over 1,000), no single factor has to be perfect. Quantity of citations from locally relevant domains 15. Your All-In-One Suite of SEO Tools. 1 search engine-ranking factor today, assuming a site’s content is. thnx a lot. I was honored to be selected as a contributor again this year, along with a distinguished group of. Google has the unique QDF (query deserves freshness) algorithm. Because RankBrain is, yes, helping Google select signals and prioritize them, you can't actually optimize for RankBrain itself. A minority of impressions and engagement (15%) happen on national or brand pages. Please, check out the illustrated guide to the Top 20 Local Search Ranking Factors, which I wrote in 2017. 1. There's a new ranking factor in town: Core Web Vitals. How important are the following ranking factors in generating local- specific search results? Rank from most (10) to least (1) important. The first is the mere existence of local packs, which eat up so much mobile and desktop screen space that formerly belonged to organic results only: The second is the sheer volume of searches for which Google shows local packs and localized organic results. Name your new listing and start adding all of your important business information. These are all things that SEOs can put into action, either to create new, great-quality content or to increase the quality value of their current content. Why Does DA Matter? Even though it’s not a ranking factor, it’s the closest thing we have to a metric that attempts to predict howWe analyzed campaign data from a sample of 345 Fractl campaigns that launched between 2013 and 2016. David co-founded GetListed. • Old domains may positively correlate to better rankings due to other. You know the numbers — Google uses over 200 ranking signals, updates its algorithm over 500 times a year, and employs thousands of engineers. This study is based on the first 20 organic results for every MozCast keyword (10,000 keywords), on both desktop and mobile, from a suburban location in the USA. The Local Citation Finder helps you quickly find key citations your competitors have that you need and improve your local ranking factors. Overall, links were up 9% as a general factor compared to last year, and a number of experts noted an increased focus on quality links since the rollout of the Local Stack / Snack Pack. Fake business listings are bad, but businesses with 20, or 50, or 150 fake reviews are worse. An exclusive interview with Moz Local details improvements that are coming in June 2019. We've seen a lot more testing tools pop up in the last couple of years, which is awesome because SEO is not make a decision and implement it and you're done. STAT. SEO practitioners optimize websites, web pages and content for the purposes of ranking higher in search engines, like Google. 3 percent) I often tell clients who are new to SEO that we can simplify SEO down to two key areas: relevance and authority. Their top five factors can be… If you're new to SEOMoz, or you've been in a coma the past couple weeks you may not have seen the Search Engine Ranking Factors study, which polled some of the leading minds in SEO on what they feel are the most and least important factors in regards to the SERPs. The company. On-Page SEO: The Beginner's Guide to SEO: Everything you need to get started to optimize your pages. Online Reputation Management (ORM) is the action taken to manage online sentiment so that it reflects more favorably on your business or personal brand. On the heels of its Local Ranking Factors survey, Moz has released a “State of Local SEO” report. 3% for Speed Index. On-page SEO tips for 2022. However, engagement was the highest-ranking social factor, according to Moz respondents, who only gave it a score of 3. Domain Authority. 12. Page Authority (PA) is a score developed by Moz that predicts how well a specific page will rank on search engine result pages (SERP). Learn more about local outreach in this Moz article. Local SEO Ranking Factors for 2019. Authority of Linking Domain: The referring domain’s authority may play an independent role in a link’s value. #17. Moz Local Raise your local SEO visibility with complete local SEO management. Image source: Semrush. Search Engine Listings: Using Google My Business to the Fullest. Google wants to provide the best possible answer to your query. $99 – Essential: Includes data management, duplication closure,. Finally, you’ll be set up for success with a local SEO framework that you can apply to future local SEO plans, clients, and locations! Define local SEO, and determine if a business is eligible. Level 2: Modeled or rewarded, indirect effects. On-Page Optimization. 100s of linking root domains. Your All-In-One Suite of SEO Tools. There are several other benefits to using Moz. ) Those of you who attended MozCon a couple weeks ago got a sneak preview of these results, but I'm guessing that few of you had a chance to fully digest them in the 14. When we asked a few hundred people to pick which of two pages would rank better for a range of keywords, the average accuracy on UK SERPs was 46%. Unfortunately, you can’t optimize your website using the set. Not everyone is as obsessed about tracking changes to the Google search results as we are. Let’s pick just one, to give a sense of the industry intelligence you’ll access in this report. Address of point of Google search. Google’s advertising revenue through Google Ads was $209. Here's how it looks in Moz Analytics: A keyword with a location specified counts against your keyword limit in Moz Analytics just like any other keyword. The author's views are entirely their own (excluding the unlikely event of hypnosis) and may not always reflect the views of Moz. Here are some general local SEO ranking factors: Google Business Profile (GMB) for business owners. The number of Google+ circles an author is in. 2. Let’s take a look at some of the most important Google ranking factors so you can learn how to increase your SEO ranking on Google. We gather this data to gain insight into the factors that may help—or hurt—a website's visibility in search engines. Discover valuable keyword phrases and topics. 3% of URLs by that metric, we can compare what ranking difference is associated with being in the top 36. That’s why Google makes reviews a factor in local rankings. 4. Moz performed their annual survey of local search ranking factors in 2013, a load of data that is difficult to digest. Search for jobs related to Moz local ranking factors 2019 or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 22m+ jobs. David Mihm is one of the world’s leading practitioners of Local search engine marketing. Given a search query and a document, compute a relevance score that measures the similarity between the query and document. The industry average for local SEO work is between $300 to $2,000 USD per month depending on whether you work with larger agencies or consultants, as well as your business’s specific needs, the competitive market, and the location you operate in (as well as other factors including your business’s current size). Both types are included in the top SEO ranking factors. Therefore, the ranking model in this article is focused primarily on keyword relevance. For. Changes in Local Pack/Finder ranking variables. Several years ago, my company invented The Mosquito device which emits high frequency sound to disperse groups of troublesome kids. If the minimum Ad Rank to show above the organic search results is 20, only Advertisers 1 and 2 will show above the. Define local SEO, and determine if a business is eligible for local SEO. SEO is a set of practices designed to improve the appearance, positioning, and usefulness of multiple types of content in the organic search results. (Moz members received a 20% discount!) which will not only help you find modern citations to built, but will also keep track of the numeric. Colan is. See why 10,000+ customers choose Moz Local for their location management needs. “All the fancy footwork in the world won’t get you anywhere. #5 Online Citations. Build some links. For 2013, we've supplemented the survey with real-world correlation data from a scientific examination of over 17,000 keyword search results by Dr. List the types of search intent & how they relate to local SEO. SEO advantages of switching to HTTPS. You will always be working to build your domain authority, and the higher it is, the better your chances of ranking well for your most important terms. Let's first put to rest the idea that H2 through H6 carry any weight at all with search engines. Source: Local Search Ranking Factors Survey 2020. Moz Local Raise your local SEO visibility with complete local SEO management. This one is relatively easy to prove. Now the quality raters do not have the power to put a penalty on your. Its logarithmic scale means that it’s much easier to improve your score if your domain authority is at a 20 or a 30 than if it was at a 70 or an 80. Rob is VP of R&D at Moz. Yes, Google is tracking your location whenever you use the search engine. Factors 1-47: Statistical Spearman Correlation -0. Index. #4 Reviews. Back in the day, MOZ investigated the most critical factors necessary for local rankings for the second time. David co-founded GetListed. ; A study by Authority Hacker that analyzed over 1 million search results and produced some interesting insight into the type of content that ranks. The Local SEO Cheatsheet. Yahoo Local 3. 2. The local SEO community reported daily changes to local and local-organic rankings for weeks following the Pigeon rollout, including widespread replacement of the older 7-pack style. It’s a score from 1 – 100, with 100 being the strongest and 1 being the weakest level of authority. Sarah holds a J. This year, we've continued that tradition and added a whole new element of research, comparing the aggregated opinions of 132 SEOs around the world with. That’s it. Proximity ranks 3rd place among Google local ranking factors. Moz is about to publish its new Search Engine Ranking Factors, and was kind enough to provide me with access to their raw ranking data. 016268 0. We recommend Moz Local to everyone. Quantity of citations from industry-relevant domains 17. Top 200 Most Statistically Significant Factors for Ranking on Google. We’ll also highlight how these results have changed over time, and discuss which tasks you should focus your energy on. This is an important finding, as it lines up with what many of us in. Tonight I will be mostly reading. The Moz Local toolset includes a robust business and review management platform. The author's views are entirely their own (excluding the unlikely event of hypnosis) and may not always reflect the views of Moz. 3. 6), physical address in the city of search (6. Yes, page speed is important to improve SEO ranking. 4 percent of global traffic. The results of the 2015 Local Search Ranking Factors Survey have been released and, as per usual, change is the only constant for our ever-evolving digital industry. com (US). Every single snippet was taken from a page that was good enough to rank in the top 10 organic positions. Subscribe to Moz. Distinct from app store search, the Top Charts can be an incredible driver of downloads for your app, especially if your app is a. Fig. To determine which number corresponds to which category, navigate to the category on Amazon and find the number Amazon uses in the node parameter in the URL. Our recent State of the Local SEO Industry 2020 survey found that, out of all factors, GBP elements (which include categories) have the greatest impact on local pack rankings. Dr. Let’s set you up for success with seven local SEO precepts for the year ahead, some expert commentary, and many signs of good things to come! 1. That was the biggest piece of the pie. 'Link-building is not dead' as some. The following graphic shows the importance of the different ranking factors based on categories. The origin of the myth. Compare SEO Products. I believe the future of search can be categorized by what I will call The Six V's: value, validity, variety, vision, volume and visitors. The final mistake is not creating a mobile-optimized website. 6. However, when I look at the rankings in MOZ for many of our keywords, it seems the English pages are being preferred over the Dutch ones. 9) Global Link Popularity of Site (4. Our goal is to make Moz Local the most efficient option for location management, with an easy-to-use interface and an affordable price point. The Local SEO Cheatsheet [Free PDF Download] : Download your free 5 page Local SEO Cheat Sheet. Domain Registration - DomainTools. 19 to -0. STAT. Look to see more of the local and maps space monetized uniquely by Google both through Adwords and potentially new lead-gen models. #3 Backlink Profile. We’ve compiled a list of top local search ranking factors you need to know about. were considered. HTTP) Websites that are mobile-friendly. #7 Search Personalization. You may want to open it up for reference. Overlap and similarities. According to the 2020 findings, GMB and reviews are the variables that have grown the most in. 9K. This allows you to monitor results and see what’s working, make quick SEO edits to what isn’t, and ensure you meet all of the Moz local SEO guidelines, including the Moz SEO factors. In this article I'm going to address the current state of local SEO in 2016, review some findings from a new data-driven local SEO study, and provide you with some actionable tips to win the local SEO game. In addition, Moz Local provides detailed insights into local search ranking factors, including keyword rankings, backlink profiles, and citation consistency. Factors That Influence Local SEO for Attorneys Rankings. Moz API Power your SEO with our index of over 44 trillion links. The Most Important Ranking Factor: GMB Features. With this background and context in mind, let’s dig into TikTok’s ranking factors. 19 to -0. This year's panel of experts possesses a truly unique set of knowledge and perspectives. Domain Authority is based on data from our Link Explorer web index and uses. For most of these companies, understanding that there are 200+ ranking factors does more harm than good. Citations play a crucial role in local SEO, as they help search engines verify your business’s existence and boost its credibility. Whether it’s a blog post, infographic, video, in-depth guide, interactive tool, or something else, content truly rules everything around us online. This alone can SIGNIFICANTLY improve rankings and I highly recommended spending an hour gathering logins and doing this. Reviews account for around 15. Colan is the VP of Local Search at Sterling Sky Inc and started in the local SEO world back in 2010. ) make up 25. Off-page SEO is a strategy that involves actions taken outside of your website to improve your search engine rankings. Here, we’ve gathered our top resources in one place. Their answers provide insight into the inner workings of the search marketing both now and in the future. Most people just track local rankings from a single point, in the center of the city. 1370.